Calculus, 10th Edition (Anton)

Published by Wiley
ISBN 10: 0-47064-772-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-47064-772-1

Chapter 7 - Principles Of Integral Evaluation - 7.6 Using Computer Algebra Systems And Tables Of Integrals - Exercises Set 7.6 - Page 532: 69

Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}\ln \left| {\tan \left( {\frac{x}{2}} \right)} \right| - \frac{1}{4}{\tan ^2}\left( {\frac{x}{2}} \right) + C$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & \int {\frac{{dx}}{{\sin x + \tan x}}} \cr & {\text{Use substitution }}\left( 5 \right){\text{ from the page 528}}: \cr & \,\,u = \tan \left( {\frac{x}{2}} \right){\text{,}}\,\,\,\,\,\,dx = \frac{2}{{1 + {u^2}}}du,\,\,\,\,\,\,\sin x = \frac{{2u}}{{1 + {u^2}}}\,\,\,\,\,{\text{ and}}\,{\text{ }}\,\,\cos x = \frac{{1 - {u^2}}}{{1 + {u^2}}} \cr & \cr & \int {\frac{{dx}}{{\sin x + \tan x}}} = \int {\frac{{\frac{2}{{1 + {u^2}}}du}}{{\frac{{2u}}{{1 + {u^2}}} + \frac{{2u}}{{1 - {u^2}}}}}} \cr & {\text{simplify}} \cr & = \int {\frac{{\frac{2}{{1 + {u^2}}}du}}{{\frac{{2u\left( {1 - {u^2}} \right) + 2u\left( {1 + {u^2}} \right)}}{{\left( {1 + {u^2}} \right)\left( {1 - {u^2}} \right)}}}}} \cr & = \int {\frac{{2\left( {1 - {u^2}} \right)du}}{{2u - 2{u^3} + 2u + 2{u^3}}}} \cr & = \int {\frac{{2\left( {1 - {u^2}} \right)du}}{{4u}}} \cr & = \frac{1}{2}\int {\left( {\frac{1}{u} - u} \right)} du \cr & \cr & {\text{Integrate}} \cr & = \frac{1}{2}\ln \left| u \right| - \frac{1}{4}{u^2} + C \cr & {\text{write in terms of }}x{\text{; substitute }}u = \tan \left( {\frac{x}{2}} \right) \cr & = \frac{1}{2}\ln \left| {\tan \left( {\frac{x}{2}} \right)} \right| - \frac{1}{4}{\tan ^2}\left( {\frac{x}{2}} \right) + C \cr} $$
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