Answer
(a) $U+V=(4,4)$
(b) $U-V=(12,-12)$
(c) $-U=(-8,4)$
Work Step by Step
$U=(8,-4)$
$V=(-4,8)$
(a)
$U+V=(8,-4)+(-4,8)$
$U+V=(8-4,-4+8)$
$U+V=(4,4)$
(b)
$U-V=(8,-4)-(-4,8)$
$U-V=(8+4,-4-8)$
$U-V=(12,-12)$
(c)
$-U=-1\times (8,-4)=(-8,4)$