Answer
$$(v+w)\cdot (v+w)-2v\cdot w = \|v\|^2+\|w\|^2.$$
Work Step by Step
Using the properties of the dot product, we have
$$(v+w)\cdot (v+w)-2v\cdot w\\
=v\cdot v +v\cdot w+w\cdot v+w\cdot w-2v\cdot w\\
=v\cdot v+w\cdot w= \|v\|^2+\|w\|^2.$$