Calculus (3rd Edition)

Published by W. H. Freeman
ISBN 10: 1464125260
ISBN 13: 978-1-46412-526-3

Chapter 15 - Differentiation in Several Variables - 15.4 Differentiability and Tangent Planes - Exercises - Page 789: 32

Answer

The increase in $H$ is estimated to be $\Delta H \simeq 0.01912$ meters.

Work Step by Step

We are given $I = \frac{W}{{{H^2}}}$. The partial derivatives are $\frac{{\partial I}}{{\partial W}} = \frac{1}{{{H^2}}}$, ${\ \ \ }$ $\frac{{\partial I}}{{\partial H}} = - \frac{{2W}}{{{H^3}}}$ At $\left( {W,H} \right) = \left( {34,1.3} \right)$, we have $\frac{{\partial I}}{{\partial W}}{|_{\left( {34,1.3} \right)}} = \frac{1}{{{{\left( {1.3} \right)}^2}}}$, ${\ \ \ }$ $\frac{{\partial I}}{{\partial H}}{|_{\left( {34,1.3} \right)}} = - \frac{{2\cdot34}}{{{{\left( {1.3} \right)}^3}}}$ Using the linear approximation, Eq. (5) the change in $I$ is estimated to be $\Delta I \approx \frac{{\partial I}}{{\partial W}}{|_{\left( {34,1.3} \right)}}\Delta W + \frac{{\partial I}}{{\partial H}}{|_{\left( {34,1.3} \right)}}\Delta H$ $\Delta I \approx \frac{1}{{{{\left( {1.3} \right)}^2}}}\Delta W - \frac{{2\cdot34}}{{{{\left( {1.3} \right)}^3}}}\Delta H$ To keep $I$ constant if $W$ increases to $35$, we have $\Delta I = 0$, ${\ \ \ }$ $\Delta W = 35 - 34 = 1$ Thus, $\Delta I$ becomes $0 \simeq \frac{1}{{{{\left( {1.3} \right)}^2}}}\cdot1 - \frac{{2\cdot34}}{{{{\left( {1.3} \right)}^3}}}\cdot\Delta H$ $\frac{{2\cdot34}}{{{{\left( {1.3} \right)}^3}}}\cdot\Delta H \simeq \frac{1}{{{{\left( {1.3} \right)}^2}}}$ $\Delta H \simeq 0.01912$ Thus, the increase in $H$ is estimated to be $\Delta H \simeq 0.01912$ meters.
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