Calculus (3rd Edition)

Published by W. H. Freeman
ISBN 10: 1464125260
ISBN 13: 978-1-46412-526-3

Chapter 13 - Vector Geometry - Chapter Review Exercises - Page 702: 45

Answer

Using the properties: ${\bf{u}}\cdot{\bf{w}} = {\bf{w}}\cdot{\bf{u}}$, ${\ }$ ${\bf{u}}\cdot{\bf{v}} = {\bf{v}}\cdot{\bf{u}}$, and ${\bf{v}}\cdot{\bf{w}} = {\bf{w}}\cdot{\bf{v}}$, we obtain ${\bf{u}} \times \left( {{\bf{v}} \times {\bf{w}}} \right) + {\bf{v}} \times \left( {{\bf{w}} \times {\bf{u}}} \right) + {\bf{w}} \times \left( {{\bf{u}} \times {\bf{v}}} \right) = {\bf{0}}$

Work Step by Step

We have the identity: (1) ${\ \ }$ ${\bf{u}} \times \left( {{\bf{v}} \times {\bf{w}}} \right) = \left( {{\bf{u}}\cdot{\bf{w}}} \right){\bf{v}} - \left( {{\bf{u}}\cdot{\bf{v}}} \right){\bf{w}}$ By exchanging of variables, we obtain (2) ${\ \ }$ ${\bf{v}} \times \left( {{\bf{w}} \times {\bf{u}}} \right) = \left( {{\bf{v}}\cdot{\bf{u}}} \right){\bf{w}} - \left( {{\bf{v}}\cdot{\bf{w}}} \right){\bf{u}}$ (3) ${\ \ }$ ${\bf{w}} \times \left( {{\bf{u}} \times {\bf{v}}} \right) = \left( {{\bf{w}}\cdot{\bf{v}}} \right){\bf{u}} - \left( {{\bf{w}}\cdot{\bf{u}}} \right){\bf{v}}$ Summing equations (1), (2), and (3) gives ${\bf{u}} \times \left( {{\bf{v}} \times {\bf{w}}} \right) + {\bf{v}} \times \left( {{\bf{w}} \times {\bf{u}}} \right) + {\bf{w}} \times \left( {{\bf{u}} \times {\bf{v}}} \right)$ $ = \left( {{\bf{u}}\cdot{\bf{w}}} \right){\bf{v}} - \left( {{\bf{u}}\cdot{\bf{v}}} \right){\bf{w}}$ $ + \left( {{\bf{v}}\cdot{\bf{u}}} \right){\bf{w}} - \left( {{\bf{v}}\cdot{\bf{w}}} \right){\bf{u}}$ $ + \left( {{\bf{w}}\cdot{\bf{v}}} \right){\bf{u}} - \left( {{\bf{w}}\cdot{\bf{u}}} \right){\bf{v}}$ Since ${\bf{u}}\cdot{\bf{w}} = {\bf{w}}\cdot{\bf{u}}$, ${\ }$ ${\bf{u}}\cdot{\bf{v}} = {\bf{v}}\cdot{\bf{u}}$, and ${\bf{v}}\cdot{\bf{w}} = {\bf{w}}\cdot{\bf{v}}$, therefore ${\bf{u}} \times \left( {{\bf{v}} \times {\bf{w}}} \right) + {\bf{v}} \times \left( {{\bf{w}} \times {\bf{u}}} \right) + {\bf{w}} \times \left( {{\bf{u}} \times {\bf{v}}} \right) = {\bf{0}}$
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