Calculus, 10th Edition (Anton)

Published by Wiley
ISBN 10: 0-47064-772-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-47064-772-1

Chapter 7 - Principles Of Integral Evaluation - 7.4 Trigonometric Substitutions - Exercises Set 7.4 - Page 513: 14

Answer

$$ - \frac{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 25} }}{{25x}} + C$$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & \int {\frac{{dx}}{{{x^2}\sqrt {{x^2} + 25} }}} \cr & {\text{substitute }}x = 5\tan \theta ,{\text{ }}dx = 5{\sec ^2}\theta d\theta \cr & = \int {\frac{{5{{\sec }^2}\theta d\theta }}{{25{{\tan }^2}\theta \sqrt {{{\left( {5\tan \theta } \right)}^2} + 25} }}} . \cr & = \int {\frac{{5{{\sec }^2}\theta d\theta }}{{25{{\tan }^2}\theta \left( 5 \right)\sqrt {{{\tan }^2}\theta + 1} }}} \cr & {\text{use identity }}{\sec ^2}\theta - 1 = {\tan ^2}\theta \cr & = \int {\frac{{5{{\sec }^2}\theta d\theta }}{{25{{\tan }^2}\theta \left( 5 \right)\sqrt {{{\sec }^2}\theta } }}} \cr & = \int {\frac{{{{\sec }^2}\theta d\theta }}{{25{{\tan }^2}\theta \sec \theta }}} \cr & = \frac{1}{{25}}\int {\frac{{\sec \theta }}{{{{\tan }^2}\theta }}} d\theta \cr & = \frac{1}{{25}}\int {\frac{{\cos \theta }}{{{{\sin }^2}\theta }}d\theta } \cr & {\text{simplify by using trig identities}} \cr & = \frac{1}{{25}}\int {\cot \theta \csc \theta } d\theta \cr & {\text{find antiderivative}} \cr & = - \frac{1}{{25}}\csc \theta + C \cr & {\text{write in terms of }}x{\text{ }} \cr & = - \frac{{\sqrt {{x^2} + 25} }}{{25x}} + C \cr} $$
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