Answer
$(x^2+16)(x+4)(x-4)$
Work Step by Step
Using $a^2-b^2=(a+b)(a-b)$ or the factoring of the difference of 2 squares, then,
\begin{array}{l}
x^4-256
\\=
(x^2+16)(x^2-16)
\\=
(x^2+16)(x+4)(x-4)
.\end{array}
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