Answer
$(v·v)-(v·u)=44$
It is a scalar.
Work Step by Step
$(v·v)-(v·u)=(⟨5,1⟩⋅⟨5,1⟩)-(⟨5,1⟩⋅⟨-4,2⟩)=[5(5)+1(1)]-[5(-4)+1(2)]=(25+1)-(-20+2)=26-(-18)=26+18=44$
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