Answer
$(u·u)-(u·v)=38$
It is a scalar.
Work Step by Step
$(u·u)-(u·v)=(⟨-4,2⟩⋅⟨-4,2⟩)-(⟨-4,2⟩⋅⟨5,1⟩)=[-4(-4)+2(2)]-[-4(5)+2(1)]=(16+4)-(-20+2)=20-(-18)=20+18=38$
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