Calculus, 10th Edition (Anton)

Published by Wiley
ISBN 10: 0-47064-772-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-47064-772-1

Chapter 11 - Three-Dimensional Space; Vectors - 11.2 Vectors - Exercises Set 11.2 - Page 783: 42

Answer

Describe the set of all points that correspond to the given equations.

Work Step by Step

\[ \begin{aligned} \left\|-\vec{r}_{0}+\vec{r}\right\|=1 & \Rightarrow\left\|\left\langle -x_{0}+x, -y_{0}+y\right\rangle\right\|=1 \\ & \Rightarrow \sqrt{\left(-x_{0}+x\right)^{2}+\left(-y_{0}+y\right)^{2}}=1 \\ & \Rightarrow\left(-x_{0}+x\right)^{2}+\left(-y_{0}+y\right)^{2}=1 \end{aligned} \] This equation corresponds to the set of all points in a space of 2 over a radius of $1=r$ centered at $C\left(x_{0}, y_{0}\right)$ $b)$ Since $\left\|\vec{r}-\vec{r}_{0}\right\| \geqslant 0$ for all vectors $\vec{r}_{0}$ and $\vec{r}$, we get that \[ \left\|-\vec{r}_{0}+\vec{r}\right\| \leqslant 1 \Rightarrow\left(-x_{0}+x\right)^{2}+\left(-y_{0}+y\right)^{2} \leq 1 \] Thus, the inequality corresponds to the set of all points in 2d-space that are at a distance $d \leq 1$ from $C\left(x_{0}, y_{0}\right) .$ In other words, a set of all points inside a circle. c) The inequality \[ \left\|-\vec{r}_{0}+\vec{r}\right\|>1 \Rightarrow\left(-x_{0}+x\right)^{2}+\left(-y_{0}+y\right)^{2}>1 \] This corresponds to the set of all points outside the circle.
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