Calculus (3rd Edition)

Published by W. H. Freeman
ISBN 10: 1464125260
ISBN 13: 978-1-46412-526-3

Chapter 14 - Calculus of Vector-Valued Functions - 14.5 Motion in 3-Space - Exercises - Page 745: 48

Answer

The curvature at ${t_0}$ is $\kappa \left( {{t_0}} \right) = 4.5$

Work Step by Step

At time ${t_0}$, we have the velocity vector ${\bf{v}} = 2{\bf{i}}$ and acceleration vector ${\bf{a}} = 3{\bf{i}} + 18{\bf{k}}$. The unit tangent vector is ${\bf{T}} = \frac{{\bf{v}}}{{||{\bf{v}}||}} = \frac{{\left( {2,0,0} \right)}}{{\sqrt {\left( {2,0,0} \right)\cdot\left( {2,0,0} \right)} }} = \left( {1,0,0} \right)$ By Eq. (2) of Theorem 1 we have ${a_{\bf{T}}} = {\bf{a}}\cdot{\bf{T}} = \left( {3,0,18} \right)\cdot\left( {1,0,0} \right)$ ${a_{\bf{T}}} = 3$ Next, we use Eq. (3) of Theorem 1 to find ${a_{\bf{N}}}{\bf{N}} = {\bf{a}} - {a_{\bf{T}}}{\bf{T}}$ ${a_{\bf{N}}}{\bf{N}} = \left( {3,0,18} \right) - 3\left( {1,0,0} \right)$ ${a_{\bf{N}}}{\bf{N}} = \left( {0,0,18} \right)$ Since ${\bf{N}}$ is an unit vector, so ${a_{\bf{N}}} = ||{a_{\bf{N}}}{\bf{N}}|| = 18$ At time ${t_0}$, the velocity vector is ${\bf{v}} = 2{\bf{i}}$, so the speed is $v=2$. By Eq. (1): ${a_{\bf{N}}} = \kappa \left( t \right)v{\left( t \right)^2}$ the curvature at ${t_0}$ is $\kappa \left( {{t_0}} \right) = \frac{{18}}{{{2^2}}} = 4.5$
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