Calculus 10th Edition

Published by Brooks Cole
ISBN 10: 1-28505-709-0
ISBN 13: 978-1-28505-709-5

Chapter 3 - Applications of Differentiation - 3.8 Exercises - Page 229: 5

Answer

$ - 1.587$

Work Step by Step

$$\eqalign{ & f\left( x \right) = {x^3} + 4 \cr & {\text{Differentiating}} \cr & f'\left( x \right) = 3{x^2} \cr & {\text{Using the Newton's Method}} \cr & {\text{The iterative formula is}} \cr & {x_{n + 1}} = {x_n} - \frac{{f\left( {{x_n}} \right)}}{{f'\left( {{x_n}} \right)}}{\text{ }}\left( {\bf{1}} \right) \cr & {\text{Substituting }}f\left( {{x_n}} \right){\text{ and }}f\left( {{x_n}} \right){\text{ into }}\left( {\bf{1}} \right) \cr & {x_{n + 1}} = {x_n} - \frac{{x_n^3 + 4}}{{3x_n^2}} \cr & {\text{From the graph we can see that the possible initial }} \cr & {\text{approximation is }}{x_1} = - 2 \cr & {\text{The calculations for the iterations are shown below}} \cr & {x_2} = \left( { - 2} \right) - \frac{{{{\left( { - 2} \right)}^3} + 4}}{{3{{\left( { - 2} \right)}^2}}} \approx - 1.66667 \cr & {\text{Continuing the iterations we obtain}} \cr & {x_3} \approx - 1.59111 \cr & {x_4} \approx - 1.58741 \cr & {x_5} \approx - 1.58740 \cr & {\text{The successive approximations }}{x_5}{\text{ and }}{x_4}{\text{ differ by}} \cr & \left| {{x_5} - {x_4}} \right| \approx 0.00001 < 0.001 \cr & {\text{We can estimate the zero of }}f\left( x \right){\text{ to be }} \cr & x \approx - 1.58740 \cr & {\text{taking three decimal places}} \cr & x \approx - 1.587 \cr & {\text{Using a graphing utility we obtain}} \cr & x \approx 1.587401052 \cr} $$
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