Answer
$4\sqrt 5-1$
it is a scalar.
Work Step by Step
$||w||-1=\sqrt {w⋅w}-1=\sqrt {⟨−4,2⟩⋅⟨−4,2⟩}-1=\sqrt {-4(-4)+2(2)}-1=\sqrt {20}-1=4\sqrt 5-1$
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