Bashkim's victimhood.
Ironically, the people who hurt Bashkim's family the most are the people are the most responsible to help him. Because his father and Nate each separately refuse to seek treatment for their PTSD, they each victimize Bashkim and leave him with PTSD. Even Luis causes Bashkim to feel traumatized by his suicidal, nihilistic letter.
The irony of hopelessness.
As long as a mentally unhealthy person resorts to their own mind to try and find health, they will be plagued by helplessness. Yet, when Luis finds a helpful, caring professional, his situation is not hopeful anymore. In the privacy of their homes, Lauren and Bashkim are both victims of domestic abuse, but after other people are involved, there is hope for a solution. Ironically, for those people who are humble enough to be honest about their mental health issues and to seek treatment, there is hope.
The failed suicide.
Luis's character fails to kill himself, and instead leaves himself with a bullet in his brain that means he has to be rehabilitated to life. By trying to end it all, he just makes the situation worse for himself. As his character demonstrates, there was always a better solution for his misery than suicide. Remember that Luis hurts an innocent child during his suicidal episode—so suicide is not a helpful answer for himself, morally or strategically.
PTSD and the police.
Since veterans often find work in the police force, often without treating mental health issues as seriously as they ought to be, there are people like Nate—honest, broken people, not evil per say, but just damaged. Because his role allows him to have a gun, his PTSD leads him to be trigger happy, leading to the wrongful murder of an innocent victim. For the people who are the most vulnerable, the police are often the least helpful—especially when the officers are paranoid or mentally unfit.
The irony of the adoption.
Luis causes Bashkim serious harm by violently informing him about things no 8-year-old should be exposed to, like murder and violence. In some ways, this foreshadows the death of Bashkim's mother, but ironically, Luis himself steps up to the plate, and the universe seems to allow Luis to undo his mistake and to provide Bashkim a new life, one where mental health is on the table, and Luis has the support of professionals.
