Death Awareness
All of Ruiz' instruction is based upon the conviction that the most accurate perspective is the one aligned with death. He encourages his readers to begin their journey of self improvement by contemplating death. Through an ever-present acknowledgement of mortality and temporality, one is able to interpret their life events according to an enlightened perspective. Ruiz even talks briefly about the various shamanic rituals in which indigenous peoples participate in order to further this death awareness and consequent enlightenment. The concept, apparently, pertains to the sacred traditions of most indigenous people groups. For Ruiz, however, the idea is more central to the human experience than sacred tradition; to align oneself with death is to correctly perceive the world. There is no other option, in his opinion.
Self-Awareness
Each of the four agreements -- always speak truth, don't take things personally, don't assume, and do your best -- is based upon a basic self-awareness. In order to enter into these agreements with oneself the individual must first be aware of their own goals, desires, and fears. One must persuade oneself to abide by these four principles, otherwise the endeavor is futile. Additionally, each agreement is implemented through a practice of self-criticism. In order to speak truthfully and remain true to one's word, one must remain constantly aware of the standard. The process requires constant assessment and modulation, to ensure every action is in line with the goals of the individual, as well as to remain true to the four agreements. Of the four, the first one -- truthfulness -- is paramount because one must make promises to oneself to continue to make progress. If one desires change, then one must commit to change and remain true to that commitment, thus making one's word true and reliable.
Prevention
Much of Ruiz' advice wears the guise of preventative measures. He appeals to the hypothetical, rather than forcing the individual to begin their journey of self-improvement with an acknowledgement of any current distressing patterns. For Ruiz, potential trouble presents reason enough to implement new guiding principles. He is arguing for four agreements which, in practice, yield real results. He's not presenting an ideology based upon philosophical hypotheticals but upon natural laws, each designed to prevent a specific problem. For example, forgiveness is introduced as a means of preventing future disagreements from forming. By practicing forgiveness and committing to the process, then the individual need not fear conflict because they have assured themselves that they will forgive the other of any future mistakes. Thus forgiveness provides a safety net, catching any fears of rejection, separation, and revenge -- each of which are toxic in relationships.
