Don Miguel Ruiz
The narrator, Ruiz, relates his own observations about practical psychology, rooted in his experiences with Native American culture. He urges people to recognize the construct of their lives and to seek out opportunities to challenge their preconceptions -- all those little decisions made in childhood and adolescence concerning the nature of reality. Although he has access to a history rich with cultural significance, he prefers to include all viewpoints in his discussion. For this reason he focuses more on practical thought patterns rather than meditative or ritual practices.
The Buddah
The Buddah makes an appearance in the awareness section. He offers an example of someone who challenged all of his assumptions about this life. Through meditation and strict adherence to the noble eightfold path he managed to wake himself up to a true engagement with the universe.
Indigenous American Shamans
These mystic spiritual leaders are a part of Ruiz' heritage. They engaged in various rituals involving local plants -- like peyote -- which can unlock altered states of consciousness, providing an avenue through which a person may observe their life objectively and challenge their expectations. Rather than advocating for this method, Ruiz prefers to encourage his readers to pursue daily engagement and to question their motivations more frequently.
