Physics: Principles with Applications (7th Edition)

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32162-592-7
ISBN 13: 978-0-32162-592-2

Chapter 27 - Early Quantum Theory and Models of the Atom - Problems - Page 800: 45

Answer

$6.45\times 10^{-12 }\;\rm m$

Work Step by Step

We know that the kinetic energy of the electron due to accelerating by 35 000 V is given by $$KE=-q\Delta V=-e\Delta V$$ Plugging the known; $$KE=-\left(-1.6\times10^{-19}\right)\times 35 0000$$ $$KE=\bf 5.6\times10^{-15}\;\rm J=\bf 35000\;\rm eV\tag 1$$ We know that the energy of the electron is given by $$E=KE+m_ec^2=\sqrt{p^2c^2+m_e^2c^4}$$ Thus, $$ \left(KE^2+m_ec^2\right)^2=p^2c^2+m_e^2c^4$$ $$ KE^2+2KEm_ec^2+\color{red}{m_e^2c^4 }=p^2c^2+\color{red}{m_e^2c^4 }$$ $$ KE^2+2KEm_ec^2 =p^2c^2 $$ Therefore, its momentum is given by $$p=\sqrt{\dfrac{ KE^2+2KEm_ec^2}{c^2 }}\tag 2$$ We know that the electron's momentum is given by $$p=\dfrac{h}{\lambda}$$ So, its wavelength is given by $$\lambda=\dfrac{h}{p}$$ Plugging from (2); $$\lambda=\dfrac{h}{\sqrt{\dfrac{ KE^2+2KEm_ec^2}{c^2 }}}=\dfrac{h}{\dfrac{\sqrt{ KE^2+2KEm_ec^2}}{c }}$$ $$\lambda=\dfrac{hc}{\sqrt{ KE^2+2KEm_ec^2}} $$ Plugging the known; $$\lambda=\dfrac{6.626\times10^{-34}\times3\times10^8}{\sqrt{ ( 5.6\times10^{-15})^2+\left[2\times 5.6\times10^{-15}\times 9.11\times10^{-31}\times (3\times10^8)^2\right]}} $$ $$\lambda=\color{red}{\bf 6.45\times 10^{-12}}\;\rm m$$ Now since the wavelength of the electron is less than the diameter of the neck of the tube $(\lambda\lt \lt D)$, then the diffraction effect is negligible. And since the kinetic energy of the electron is greater than its energy at rest, so it is relativistic.
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