Algebra 1

Published by Prentice Hall
ISBN 10: 0133500403
ISBN 13: 978-0-13350-040-0

Chapter 11 - Rational Expressions and Functions - 11-5 Solving Rational Equations - Practice and Problem-Solving Exercises - Page 684: 40

Answer

$7.54$ miles/hour

Work Step by Step

Converting $94$ minutes to hours results in $$ 94\text{ minutes}\times\frac{1\text{ hour}}{60\text{ minutes}}=\frac{94}{60}=\frac{47}{30}\text{ hours} $$ Let $x$ be the average speed during the second half of the race. Then $x+2$ is the average speed during the first half of the race. Let $t$ be the time during the second half of the race. Since the total time in the race is $\frac{47}{30}$ hours, then the time in the first half of the race is $\left(\frac{47}{30}-t\right)$ hours. Using $d=rt$ or the relationship of distance $(d)$, rate $(r)$, and time $(t)$ of an object in uniform motion, then the equation representing the first half of the race is $$\begin{aligned} d&=rt \\ 5&=(x+2)\left(\frac{47}{30}-t\right) .&\text{(Eqn }1) \end{aligned}$$ The equation representing the second half of the race is $$\begin{aligned} d&=rt \\ 5&=xt \\ t&=\frac{5}{x} .&\text{(Eqn }2) \end{aligned}$$ Substituting Eqn $2$ into Eqn $1$ results in $$\begin{aligned} 5&=(x+2)\left(\frac{47}{30}-\frac{5}{x}\right) \\ 5&=(x+2)\left(\frac{47x-150}{30x}\right) \\ 150x&=(x+2)(47x-150) \\ 47x^2-206x-300&=0 .\end{aligned}$$ Using $x=\frac{-b\pm\sqrt{b^2-4ac}}{2a}$ or the Quadratic Formula, then $$\begin{aligned} x&=\frac{-(-206)\pm\sqrt{-206)^2-4(47)(-300)}}{2(47)} \\&= \frac{103\pm\sqrt{24709}}{47} \end{aligned} \\ \begin{array}{l|r} x\approx5.54 & x\approx-1.15 \end{array} $$Since $x$ should be nonnegative, then $x\approx5.54$. Hence, the average speed during the first half of the race, $x+2$, is approximately $5.54+2=7.54$ miles per hour.
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