Hawk
Kahneman writes, "If you are a hawk in your attitude toward other nations, you probably think they are relatively weak and likely to submit to your countries will." The metaphoric hawk expounds on the implications of heuristics. A hawk-like attitude represents a feeling of superiority which would make one to undermine other countries’ strength.
Dove
Kahneman explains, “If you are a dove, you probably think they (other nations) are strong and will not be easily coerced." This metaphor expounds on the influence of subjective beliefs. A dove-like mentality exemplifies tenderness which is a converse of the hawk-like approach. Individuals with a dove-like mentality would not demean the potential of other nations.
Immune
Kahneman confirms, “The primacy of conclusions does not mean that your mind is completely closed and that your opinions are wholly immune to information and sensible reasoning. Your beliefs, and even your emotional attitude, may change (at least a little) when you learn that the risk of an activity you disliked is smaller than you thought.” Immunity refers to the rigidness that would hinder a mind from embracing different beliefs. A functional mind would engage in reasoning about various beliefs. Change of perceptions depicts the flexibility of the human mind.
Agent
Kahneman writes, "The psychology of causality was the basis of my decision to describe psychological processes by metaphors of agency, with little concern for consistency. I sometimes refer to System 1 as an agent with certain traits and preferences, and sometimes as an associative machine that represents reality by a complex pattern of links." Here, the metaphorical agent depicts System 1 as a proxy that fulfills the unconscious need of humanity. Its operations are comparable to that of an ‘associative machine’ whose operations are unconscious.
Vigilance
Kahneman recommends, “As a way to live your life, however, continuous vigilance is not necessarily good, and it is certainly impractical. Constantly questioning our own thinking would be impossibly tedious…The best we can do is a compromise: learn to recognize situations in which mistakes are likely and try harder to avoid significant mistakes when the stakes are high.”
Automatic operation of System 1 makes illusions, prejudices and mistakes inevitable. Extreme cautiousness about the operations of System 1, which may be beyond one's control, could result in unfulfilled living. The outcomes of System 1 demonstrate the inherent flaws of humanity. It would be impossible to attain perfection even with the unrelenting vigilance of one's brain.
