The Shelter (Symbol)
The shelter where Ava and Toussaint initially find refuge is a powerful symbol of their precarious life. It represents their journey from an abusive home to a place of last resort. The shelter, described as roach-infested and far from ideal, symbolizes the dehumanizing conditions and lack of dignity experienced by those who are displaced. It also signifies the harshness of their immediate reality. Consequently, it serves to highlight the vulnerability of the characters and the challenges they face. The shelter represents the struggle for basic needs, safety, and stability, which underscores the trauma associated with their experiences.
Bonaparte, Alabama (Symbol)
Bonaparte—the historically Black town where Dutchess resides—symbolizes the heritage and history of the African-American community. It represents a connection to the past and the traditions of the characters. At the same time, it symbolizes the relentless intrusion of outside forces particularly the Progress Corp, which threatens to displace the Black community. Bonaparte represents the broader struggle against systemic racism and the economic pressures faced by marginalized communities. It also highlights the characters' efforts to maintain their identity and resist displacement by oppressive forces.
Escape and Displacement (Motif)
Ava's struggle to escape her abusive husband, Abemi, is a central motif. She is forced to leave her home and ends up in a shelter, which is a form of displacement. This motif is exemplified when Ava says, "I need to make a plan. I have to get out of here" highlighting her desire for a fresh start. It underscores the pervasive theme of uprooted lives and the struggle for stability. Ava and Toussaint face not only physical displacement but also emotional and psychological dislocation resulting from societal pressures. The motif of displacement emphasizes the characters' quest for a sense of belonging and security.
Sexual Power and Control (Motif)
Abemi’s unwarranted accusations of Ava's infidelity and his subsequent violent actions highlight his power to manipulate others. This motif underscores the broader themes of domestic violence and oppression prevalent in the novel. The narrative also introduces the motif of sexual power and control through Ava's interactions with Melvin. Her ability to use her sexuality to gain favors and manipulate Melvin's desires demonstrates the complex dynamics of control. This motif is depicted when Ava uses her sensuality as a form of power even though it is fraught with internal conflict.
Unresolved Trauma (Motif)
Ava's inability to move forward or chart a new path in her life represents the motif of unresolved trauma. The headaches and struggles she experiences hint at the psychological burden she carries from her childhood and marriage. Ava expresses her feeling of going "in reverse" and not being able to progress or advance. She acknowledges that she cannot embrace the next thing and past hauntings keep reemerging. It illustrates the idea that the characters, particularly Ava, are trapped in recurring struggles and challenges.
