Music
Music is an important aspect of Kvothe's life. It is through music and songs that a lot of history is re-told. Music is dear to him because it is a part of his family, a part of his father and the loss of his father's flute is devastating to him, like losing a part of himself.
Magic
Magic is an important part of the novel, but it's not in its center. Magic system draws inspiration from science and in the novel is with scientific terminology explained. It is not a classic sort of magic, meaning that it has a real material source, like blood, and the usage of it takes a toll on the user.
Books
Books are the utmost source of knowledge and the secrets of the world in this novel. One of Kvothe's main goals to study is, so he can have access to the countless books contained in the Archives and therefore have access to the knowledge he needs about the world.
Money
The author put a huge emphasis, and one could say a realistic approach on the money in this novel. Money is crucial for survival and for advancement in life. Kvothe is aware of this fact and the readers get to see his struggle in earning money, as well as the reality of how easily that hard-earned money disappears.