Answer
(e) None of the statements are true.
Work Step by Step
Newton's 3rd Law states that as object A exerts a force $F$ on object B, there is a reaction force of equal magnitude but opposite direction $-F_{rea}$ exerted back from object B to object A. In magnitude $$F=F_{rea}$$
In (a), according to Newton's 3rd Law, the motorcycle and the SUV sustains the same force. The same goes for (b).
In (c), the pushing force $P$ that Sam and his sister exert on each other is the same. According to Newton's 2nd Law, $$P=ma$$
We assume Sam has greater mass than his sister. This leads to Sam having smaller acceleration than his sister, since $P$ is similar. The statement is wrong, too.
In (d), as the astronaut catches the ball, he in fact exerts a force $F$ to slow it down. The ball, in reverse, exerts back force $-F$ on the astronaut, which creates an acceleration and displacement backward on the astronaut. Therefore, as they play, their distance expands.
