Answer
Ionic bonding. In an ionic bonding atoms donate or receive electrons from partners in the bond formation.
Thus in the formation of Sodium chloride , Sodium gives up one electron from its valence shell and Chlorine accepts one electron in its valence shell to make a stable number.
In covalent bonding, valence electrons are shared rather than donated or received. In either case, the reaction seeks to achieve a stable electronic configuration. Examples of covalent bonding are the bonding of non-metal atoms as in the joining of hydrogen atoms to form hydrogen gas, or the bonding of nitrogen atoms to form nitrogen gas.
Work Step by Step
The joining of hydrogen bonds to form the gas H2 is achieved by sharing their singe outer electron. In the case of the formation of water molecules, a single oxygen atom shares an electron with each of two hydrogen atoms to form a water molecule in which each hydrogen atom has two outer electrons and the oxygen atom has (or has access to) eight outer electrons. The hydrogen atoms retain one proton each and the oxygen atom has eight protons.These reactions involve non-polar covalent bonds.
