Thomas' Calculus 13th Edition

Published by Pearson
ISBN 10: 0-32187-896-5
ISBN 13: 978-0-32187-896-0

Chapter 4: Applications of Derivatives - Section 4.4 - Concavity and Curve Sketching - Exercises 4.4 - Page 213: 40

Answer

$y(1)=3$ is a local minimum and there is no local maximum or absolute extrema; concave up on $(-\infty,-\sqrt[3] 2)$ and $(0,\infty)$, concave down on $(-\sqrt[3] 2,0)$; $x=-\sqrt[3] 2$ is an inflection point. See graph.

Work Step by Step

Step 1. Given the function $y=x^2+\frac{2}{x}, x\ne0$, we have $y'=2x-\frac{2}{x^2}$ and $y''=2+\frac{4}{x^3}$ Step 2. The extrema happen when $y'=0$, undefined, or at endpoints. We have $x=1$ as critical points with $y(1)=3$ (we exclude $x=0$ as it is an asymptote). Step 3. Examine the sign change of $y'$ across the critical points: $(0)..(-)..(1)..(+)..$; we can identify $y(1)=3$ as a local minimum and there is no local maximum or absolute extrema because as $x\to\pm0,y\to\pm\infty$. Step 4. The inflection points can be found when $y''=0$ or when it does not exist. We have $x^3=-2, x=-\sqrt[3] 2$ as possible inflection points within the domain. Step 5. To identify the intervals on which the functions are concave up and concave down, we need to examine the sign of $y''$ on different intervals. We have $..(+)..(-\sqrt[3] 2)..(-)..(0)..(+)..$, Step 6. The function is concave up on $(-\infty,-\sqrt[3] 2)$, $(0,\infty)$, concave down on $(-\sqrt[3] 2,0)$, and $x=-\sqrt[3] 2$ is an inflection point. Step 7. See graph.
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