- John Gardner. Grendel. New York: Random House, Inc., 1971.
- Robert F. Yeager. "Why Read Beowulf?." HUMANITIES. April 1999. 8/15/2018. <https://www.neh.gov/humanities/1999/marchapril/feature/why-read-beowulf>.
- WatchMojo. "Anti-Heroes: What Makes Them Different? - Troped!." Youtube. February 16, 2017. 8/5/2018. <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YbYD6AQ6e60>.
- "Villains." TVTropes.com. 8/15/2018. <https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/Villains>.
- Electronic Beowulf Index and...
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