The house
In the poem "Hamza’’, the main character is being evicted from his house in which he and his family have lived all their lives. Hamza refuses to leave the house even when the state threatens to destroy the house while he is still inside. The house is used here as a symbol. Hamza refuses the vacant the house because it stands for his legacy. The house is something he will leave behind for his children and thus in a way the house is Hamza himself.
The land as a woman
A common motif in the poem "Hamza’’ is the idea that the land is a mother the country must protect. Hamza describes the land in such a way and goes as far as even to tell the narrator the land is a pregnant woman that must be protected. This also suggests that the land is also the one that gives us the things we need in life.
Giving birth
Another common motif found in the poems is the idea of giving birth. The narrator mentions this idea numerous times and talks about women giving birth while also comparing the country and the land with a woman ready to give birth. This has the purpose of transmitting the idea of fertility and also to make the reader understand that the country was not completely defeated and still had the power to rise again and recover.
The birds
The birds are an important element that appears in the poem "The Deluge and the Tree’’. The birds appear only when the narrator talks about a possible future when the tree comes back to life and when the tree will be tall and proud once more. The birds are used in this context to symbolize the people who left the country because of the war but who will return one day when the tree, or the country, will be alive and well once more
The pollen
The narrator mentions the pollen in the poem "Labor pains’’. The pollen is described as floating through the ruins of a destroyed city without finding a place to settle. The narrator is however sure the pollen will find a suitable place in the future and through this transmits the idea of hope. Thus, the pollen is used here as a symbol for rebirth, having the attribute of bringing back to life the destroyed city.
