In An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, Hume presents his philosophy, particularly in regards to epistemology. He is concerned with how man knows the things that he knows and whether he can trust those things. Following great philosophers like Descartes and Locke, Hume presents arguments which contradict commonly held beliefs. His works were revered by generations of philosophers, including most significantly Immanuel Kant.
Hume's main premise is that knowledge is gained by experience. All that is known is known through physical or mental sensation. Those sensations lead to either impressions or ideas, from both of which are formed conclusions. He systematically builds his arguments on top of one another to create a complete view of how what is known can be known and whether or not it is reliable.