Nancy Lee, author of ClassicNote. Completed on November 07, 2023,
copyright held by GradeSaver.
Updated and revised by James Cooper November 20, 2023. Copyright held by GradeSaver.
Kant, Immanuel; Allen Wood and George di Giovanni (translators). The Conflict of the Faculties. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Foucault, Michel. The Foucault Reader. New York: Pantheon Books, 1984.
Braeckman, Antoon. “The Moral Inevitability of Enlightenment and the Precariousness of the Moment: Reading Kant’s ‘What Is Enlightenment?’” The Review of Metaphysics, vol. 62, no. 2, 2008, pp. 285–306.
Clarke, Michael. “Kant’s Rhetoric of Enlightenment.” The Review of Politics, vol. 59, no. 1, 1997, pp. 53–73.
Taylor, Robert S. “Democratic Transitions and the Progress of Absolutism in Kant’s Political Thought.” The Journal of Politics, vol. 68, no. 3, 2006, pp. 556–70.
Lestition, Steven. “Kant and the End of the Enlightenment in Prussia.” The Journal of Modern History, vol. 65, no. 1, 1993, pp. 57–112.
What Is Enlightenment? Questions and Answers
The Question and Answer section for What Is Enlightenment? is a great
resource to ask questions, find answers, and discuss the novel.
Kant begins with a simple explanation of what constitutes being enlightened: throwing off the shackles of self-imposed immaturity. He then follows with a more precise definition of immaturity: the lack of an ability to take what one has come to...
What Is Enlightenment? study guide contains a biography of Immanuel Kant, literature essays, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.