Identity and Naming
Identity and naming act as ways of reclaiming and asserting self in a world that continually seeks to erase Indigenous presence. The characters' journeys reflect the ongoing negotiation of identity amid external pressures and internal conflicts. Jude's choice of "Star" as his last name symbolizes his quest for identity. The verse about wandering stars from the Bible that inspires him resonates with his feeling of being lost and his desire for a guiding purpose. Jude’s journey throughout the book involves wrestling with his fragmented identity. The pressures of assimilation and the loss of cultural connection exacerbate it. Charles Star also emphasizes the forced assimilation policies aimed at erasing Indigenous identities. He deals with the traumatic legacy of his father's disappearance and his own experiences at the school. The transformation of Indian children into "Carlisle Indians" signifies the stripping away of their original identities. Victoria's name itself holds significance with "Bear Shield" representing the connection to her heritage and her role as a protector of cultural traditions. She reconnects with her heritage through community engagement as she battles cancer and existential despair. Her story emphasizes the importance of names in preserving cultural identity.
Survival and Resilience
The narrative's reference to the Buffalo Wars illustrates the direct impact of colonial violence on Indigenous survival. This systematic slaughter of buffalo aimed at undermining Indigenous livelihoods demonstrates the attempts to annihilate Indigenous cultures. Jude’s survival through various forms of violence and his journey of self-discovery exemplify personal resilience. His ability to navigate the challenges of addiction, identity crises, and cultural dislocation highlights the spirit of Indigenous peoples. Orvil's survival after a shooting and his struggle with addiction reflect contemporary challenges. Sean Price contends with the aftermath of his mother's death and his identity within his family. This shows resilience in his journey to find acceptance and cope with injury and addiction. Opal Viola Victoria Bear Shield battles cancer and her efforts to preserve her cultural heritage amid familial crises. Her grandson Lony’s decision to run away and his subsequent reflections in a heartfelt letter highlight the ongoing quest for survival.
Trauma and Healing
The intergenerational trauma in the story indicates the influence of historical violence and the current search for reconciliation. Jude Star recounts the Sand Creek Massacre and the subsequent traumatic experiences. The experiences with forced cultural assimilation, religious indoctrination, and recurring traumatic visions exemplify the deep psychological scars. His descent into alcoholism shows his struggle to find peace. Charles Star's memories of his father’s disappearance accentuate the intergenerational transmission of trauma. Orvil's modern struggles with addiction and the haunting memories of using his mother's drugs represent contemporary manifestations of inherited trauma. His journey towards recovery is facilitated by therapy and supportive interventions. Opal Viola Victoria Bear Shield’s efforts to maintain cultural continuity through community engagement emphasize their importance in the healing process.
Connection to Ancestry and Land
The connection to ancestry and land within indigenous communities is reflected in their significance in the characters' cultural and spiritual identities. Jude's reflections on the buffalo and their ancestral significance highlight the deep ties between Indigenous peoples and nature. The buffalo is a symbol of sustenance and cultural heritage. The spiritual connections are made through dreams and visions, such as Jude’s visions of blue men and Spotted Hawk’s spiritual guidance. These experiences provide the characters with guidance and a sense of continuity with their past. Victoria’s efforts to maintain traditional burial practices reflect a deep respect for ancestral ways and the land. Her story emphasizes the importance of these practices in maintaining cultural identity and honoring the past. Opal Viola’s narrative includes moments of connection to the land and her ancestors, such as her participation in traditional ceremonies.
