American Capitalism
One of the first symbols in the novel appears in the first chapter when Louise sees himself being portrayed on the cover of a newspaper with a can of Coca-Cola in his hand. While Louise does not understand what is written about him, he does understand he is being mocked and shamed. The can of Coca-Cola the man holds in his hand is a symbol the people used to represent American capitalism and its destructive force in a country where it was forced upon its people.
Dysentery
In order to be accepted and to understand the local culture better, Father Finian puts himself through great pain by adopting a strange diet to him. Because of this diet, Father Finian suffers from dysentery for a long time, leaving him weak and without energy. Dysentery is used in this context as a symbol, representing the sacrifices one person must make for the greater good. Father Finian knew the only way he will be able to reach the locals is by becoming on of them but he saw the sacrifices he had to make in the process worth it because they eventually lead to something great.
Freedom of the press
Some characters in the novel, like Louise, are angry with the press because of what is written about him while others, like the communist leader, want to eliminate the press completely because they see it as a danger. Despite all the criticisms and the apparent constant attacks, the leaders of the country continue to protect the press, knowing how it is important in order to maintain freedom. The idea that the freedom of the press must be protected at all costs is used in this novel as a common motif, appearing in every chapter. This constant repetition also transmits to the reader the need to protect it, no matter what.
Interest in philosophy
Another common motif and also symbol found in the novel has to do with philosophy. The Russians and the Americans are stunned to see the natives interested in talking about philosophy with them. It appeared that for many philosophies was far more important than discussing political ideas. The idea that philosophy is an important subject worth studying thus becomes used as a common motif. It is also used here as a symbol for civilization and sensibility.
Metaphor for independence
Some American and Russian characters in the novel try to help the natives by teaching them how to become self-sufficient and also able to produce elements which can be traded and exported. The natives are warry at first, not understanding how all those things will help their country but they soon learn that in order to become independent, they must become self-sufficient and capable of sustaining their own economy. Because of this, the factories and the industries described in the novel become used as a symbol of independence.
