Throughout The Round House, Erdrich cites numerous court cases that are foundational to Federal Indian Law. Some of the cases mentioned in the novel include The United States v. 43 Gallons of Whisky, Johnson v. M'Intosh, and Oliphant v. Suquamish. In The United States v 43 Gallons of Whisky, the court decided that Congress has the power to regulate alcohol sales on and/or near tribal land. In Johnson v. M'Intosh, the court decided that private citizens could not purchase land from Native Americans. Finally, Oliphant v. Suquamish declared that Indian tribal courts have no criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians.
The three aforementioned cases provide a greater historical context to the novel's events. Johnson v M'Intosh is particularly relevant to Linda Lark's story and her fraught relationship with her biological family. Throughout history, the exploitation of indigenous populations has been driven by greed and the forced acquisition of land/natural resources. The Lark family may have hoped to acquire more land and increase their familial assets, but they are unable to because they live on tribal land. After Linda's adopted mother passes, she is entitled to a large portion of land belonging to the Chippewa tribe. Although her biological family has ignored Linda throughout her life, they seek to reap the benefits of her inheritance by reconnecting with her. In this way, the reader understands how the Western treatment of Native Americans is connected to a history of colonization, Western entitlement, and greed.
Additionally, the decision reached in Oliphant v. Suquamish greatly affects how Geraldine's case is handled. After opening the investigation, Bazil and Joe continually face roadblocks due to the disconnect between Indian tribal court and federal court. The decision about who will preside over Geraldine's case depends on numerous specific details, many of which remain unknown. Ultimately, it is significant that Geraldine (a member of the Chippewa tribe) was attacked by Linden Lark (a non-Indian). Due to the fact that Indian tribal courts have no criminal jurisdiction over non-Indians, Joe is convinced that Lark will not be prosecuted. This prompts Joe to plan and execute Lark's punishment.
