The philosophical purpose of experimentation
Bacon's idea of science is one that focuses on what he called "instauration," or restoration to the original idea. Bacon means the fall of man, explaining his belief that God gave man logic as a method by which humans could participate in restoration by using science to progress civilization toward scientific renaissance and innovation. He views this to be a kind of sacred duty, rooting his argument in his ontology.
Syllogism and reason
The namesake of this work is Aristotle's Organon where he outlines the basic reason for syllogism and its basic features. Syllogism is a mathematical kind of deduction where no assumptions are allowed into the formula. Bacon takes Aristotle's work as his starting point, explaining that syllogism and the power of deduction could be applied to scientific experiment. As he elaborates this, he simultaneously invents the scientific method.
The scientific method
Clearly, The New Organon is about the scientific method, but Bacon himself was openly religious in his philosophical assumptions about the world. So, instead of just writing about the scientific method as a philosophical notion, he actually explains the ethical reasoning behind his passion for experimentation and careful observation. At the end of the day, observation alone is the king of Bacon's scientific method, because he feels humans have a right to check if their assumptions are actually correct (by way of positing hypotheses and testing them observantly).
