Cartography
The science and profession of mapmaking.
Topography
How aspects and features of an area, like rivers and mountains, are portrayed on a map.
Astrolabe
A tool used to make astronomical measurements.
Sextant
A tool used in navigation (especially on the sea).
Cartouche
A carved tablet with writing.
Isobar
A line on a map showing where points have the same atmospheric pressure.
Mottlefish
Another name for a cuttlefish.
Archipelago
An island group, like Japan.
Fen
A low, marshy area.
Envisage
To predict.
Jut
To stick out.
Cantankerous
Cranky and mean.