- Milton J. Bates. Wallace Stevens: A Mythology of Self. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.
- Eleanor Cook. A Reader's Guide to Wallace Stevens. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009.
- Tony Sharpe. Wallace Stevens: A Literary Life. London: Macmillan Press Ltd, 2000.
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William York Tindall. Wallace Stevens – American Writers: University of Minnesota Pamphlets on American Writers. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1961. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5749/j.cttttxcd.2
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Helen Vendler. From The Columbia History of American Poetry. Ed. Jay Parini and Brett C. Miller. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993. Excerpted on MAPS, University of Illinois: http://www.english.illinois.edu/maps/poets/s_z/stevens/emperor.htm
- Austin Allen. "Wallace Stevens: "The Emperor of Ice-Cream": The chilly heart of a whimsical poem." Poetry Foundation. 23 May 2017. <https://www.poetryfoundation.org/resources/learning/core-poems/detail/45234#guide>.