Answer
The magnitude of the force exerted by the Sun on the Earth is $3.6\times 10^{22}~N$
Work Step by Step
The gravitational force provides the centripetal force to keep the Earth moving in a near-circular orbit around the Sun. We can find the gravitational force, that is, the magnitude of the force exerted by the Sun on the Earth:
$F = \frac{mv^2}{r}$
$F = \frac{(6.0\times 10^{24}~kg)(3.0\times 10^4~m/s)^2}{1.5\times 10^{11}~m}$
$F = 3.6\times 10^{22}~N$
The magnitude of the force exerted by the Sun on the Earth is $3.6\times 10^{22}~N$
