Answer
Basically, age structure is one of the ways of characterizing a population by way of illustrating the number of individuals belonging into a particular age bracket. For instance, countries with rapid growth have a pyramidal shape in their age structure diagrams, showing the dominance of younger individuals, many of whom are of reproductive age.
When taken into consideration, age structure will not only reveal the current status of a population but will also allow better prediction of population growth (in terms of birth and death rates), including its long-term implication on social, economic, and environmental aspects.
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