Answer
In the case of the mudflow caused in the image, multiple of Earth's spheres are involved, each playing a role in the natural disaster and being influenced by it. The four spheres involved are the lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere.
Work Step by Step
Lithosphere (Geosphere): The lithosphere refers to the solid outer layer of the Earth, which includes the landforms, rocks, and soil. In the case of a mudflow, the lithosphere is directly involved as the source of the mud and the terrain over which it flows. The heavy rainfall saturates the soil, making it loose and easily eroded. The unstable slopes in the area contribute to the mudflow, as gravity pulls the saturated soil downhill, burying the town.
Hydrosphere: The hydrosphere comprises all water bodies on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, and groundwater. In this case, the extraordinary rainfall is a key contributor to the mudflow. The excessive precipitation overwhelms the natural drainage systems, causing water to accumulate rapidly. The water saturates the soil, reducing its stability and increasing the likelihood of a mudflow.
Atmosphere: The atmosphere refers to the gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth. In the context of the mudflow, the atmosphere plays a crucial role in delivering the extraordinary rains. Atmospheric conditions, such as the presence of low-pressure systems, monsoonal patterns, or weather disturbances, can lead to intense and prolonged rainfall events. These weather patterns and atmospheric processes contribute to the excessive precipitation that triggers the mudflow.
Biosphere: The biosphere includes all living organisms on Earth, including humans, plants, and animals. In the case of the mudflow, the biosphere is directly impacted as it involves the destruction of habitats and poses risks to human life. The mudflow can destroy vegetation, displace or harm animal populations, and have devastating consequences for human settlements in its path. The biosphere is influenced by the mudflow event as it disrupts ecological balance, affecting plant and animal communities in the area.
