Chapter 1 - Atlas A.2 - Study Guide - Assess Your Learning Outcomes - Page 38: 2

The axial region of the human body can be subdivided into several anatomical regions or areas, each with its own set of structures and functions. These subdivisions are often defined by specific landmarks or anatomical features. Here are the main subdivisions of the axial region and some key landmarks that help define them: 1. **Head**: - **Cranium (Skull)**: The bony structure that houses the brain. It is divided into the cranial vault (calvaria) and the facial skeleton. - **Face**: Includes the facial bones and features such as the eyes, nose, mouth, and ears. - **Forehead (Frontal Region)**: The area above the eyes. - **Temples**: Located on the sides of the head. - **Cheeks**: The fleshy sides of the face. - **Jaw (Mandible)**: The lower part of the face, which contains the lower teeth. 2. **Neck**: - **Throat (Anterior Neck)**: Contains structures like the larynx (voice box) and thyroid gland. - **Posterior Neck**: Contains the cervical vertebrae and associated muscles. 3. **Thorax (Chest)**: - **Sternum (Breastbone)**: The central bone of the chest. - **Ribs**: The bones that encircle the chest and protect the thoracic organs. - **Breast (Mammary) Region**: The area containing the mammary glands. - **Clavicles (Collarbones)**: The bones that connect the shoulders to the sternum. - **Shoulders**: The region where the upper limbs attach to the axial skeleton. 4. **Abdomen**: - **Abdominal Wall**: The muscles and tissues that surround and protect the abdominal organs. - **Umbilicus (Navel)**: The belly button, typically located at the center of the abdomen. - **Belly**: The anterior part of the abdomen. - **Flanks**: The sides of the abdomen. - **Groin (Inguinal Region)**: The crease between the thigh and lower abdomen. 5. **Back (Dorsal Region)**: - **Upper Back**: Contains the thoracic vertebrae and associated muscles. - **Lower Back**: Contains the lumbar vertebrae and associated muscles. - **Sacrum and Coccyx**: The bones at the base of the spine. - **Spine (Vertebral Column)**: The central bony structure of the back. 6. **Pelvis**: - **Pelvic Girdle (Hips)**: The bones forming the hip structure. - **Pelvic Cavity**: Houses the reproductive and urinary organs. - **Buttocks (Gluteal Region)**: The fleshy area behind the hips. These subdivisions and landmarks help anatomists and healthcare professionals precisely locate and describe structures within the axial region of the body. They are essential for communication and understanding the anatomy and functions of this region.

The axial region of the human body can be subdivided into several anatomical regions or areas, each with its own set of structures and functions. These subdivisions are often defined by specific landmarks or anatomical features. Here are the main subdivisions of the axial region and some key landmarks that help define them: 1. **Head**: - **Cranium (Skull)**: The bony structure that houses the brain. It is divided into the cranial vault (calvaria) and the facial skeleton. - **Face**: Includes the facial bones and features such as the eyes, nose, mouth, and ears. - **Forehead (Frontal Region)**: The area above the eyes. - **Temples**: Located on the sides of the head. - **Cheeks**: The fleshy sides of the face. - **Jaw (Mandible)**: The lower part of the face, which contains the lower teeth. 2. **Neck**: - **Throat (Anterior Neck)**: Contains structures like the larynx (voice box) and thyroid gland. - **Posterior Neck**: Contains the cervical vertebrae and associated muscles. 3. **Thorax (Chest)**: - **Sternum (Breastbone)**: The central bone of the chest. - **Ribs**: The bones that encircle the chest and protect the thoracic organs. - **Breast (Mammary) Region**: The area containing the mammary glands. - **Clavicles (Collarbones)**: The bones that connect the shoulders to the sternum. - **Shoulders**: The region where the upper limbs attach to the axial skeleton. 4. **Abdomen**: - **Abdominal Wall**: The muscles and tissues that surround and protect the abdominal organs. - **Umbilicus (Navel)**: The belly button, typically located at the center of the abdomen. - **Belly**: The anterior part of the abdomen. - **Flanks**: The sides of the abdomen. - **Groin (Inguinal Region)**: The crease between the thigh and lower abdomen. 5. **Back (Dorsal Region)**: - **Upper Back**: Contains the thoracic vertebrae and associated muscles. - **Lower Back**: Contains the lumbar vertebrae and associated muscles. - **Sacrum and Coccyx**: The bones at the base of the spine. - **Spine (Vertebral Column)**: The central bony structure of the back. 6. **Pelvis**: - **Pelvic Girdle (Hips)**: The bones forming the hip structure. - **Pelvic Cavity**: Houses the reproductive and urinary organs. - **Buttocks (Gluteal Region)**: The fleshy area behind the hips. These subdivisions and landmarks help anatomists and healthcare professionals precisely locate and describe structures within the axial region of the body. They are essential for communication and understanding the anatomy and functions of this region.