Calculus (3rd Edition)

Published by W. H. Freeman
ISBN 10: 1464125260
ISBN 13: 978-1-46412-526-3

Chapter 2 - Limits - 2.8 Intermediate Value Theorem - Exercises - Page 86: 19

Answer

The function is not continuous at $x=0$, but it takes all the values between $g(-1)$ and $g(1)$.

Work Step by Step

The Intermediate Value Theorem "asks" for a function $g$ to be continuous on an interval $[a,b]$ so that $f(a)\not=f(b)$. Let's check these conditions for the given function. The interval $[a,b]$ is $[-1,1]$, so $a=-1,b=1$. $g(a)=g(-1)=-(-1)=1$ $g(b)=g(1)=1^3+1=2$ Therefore $g(-1)\not=g(1)$. Now let's check the continuity. The function $g$ is continuous on each of the intervals $[-1,0)$ and $[0,1]$. We have to check the continuity at $x=0$. Calculate the left and right limits at $x=0$: $$\begin{align*} \lim_{x\rightarrow0^-}g(x)&=\lim_{x\rightarrow0^-} (-x)=0\\ \lim_{x\rightarrow0^+}g(x)&=\lim_{x\rightarrow0^+} (x^3+1)=0^3+1=1\\ g(0)&=1 \end{align*}$$ As $\lim_{x\rightarrow0^-}g(x)\not=\lim_{x\rightarrow0^+}g(x)$, it means the function is not continuous at $x=0$. Since $g(-1)=1$ and $g(1)=2$ we notice that even if the conditions are not met, the function takes all the values between $g(-1)$ and $g(1)$.
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