Answer
E is the dependent variable. V is the independent variable.
Work Step by Step
Given that E=4V+2, E is the dependent variable and V is the independent variable.
With this type of equation you are being based to solved for E based on varying values of V. Because the value substituted for V can be changed arbitrarily, V is called the independent variable. Because the value that is computed for E changes based on the value of V, E is called the dependent variable.