Answer
(a) reflect $f(x)$ about the $x$-axis
(b) shrink $f(x)$ vertically by $\frac{1}{3}$
Work Step by Step
(a) We can obtain $-f(x)$ by reflecting the graph of $f(x)$ about the $x$-axis.
(b) We can obtain $\frac{1}{3}f(x)$ by shrinking the graph of $f(x)$ vertically by a factor of $\frac{1}{3}$.
