Answer
In Python, the special methods that correspond to the operators +, -, *, /, %, ==, !=, <, <=, >, and >= are:
__add__ for the + operator
__sub__ for the - operator
__mul__ for the * operator
__truediv__ for the / operator (in Python 3) or __div__ for the / operator (in Python 2)
__mod__ for the % operator
__eq__ for the == operator
__ne__ for the != operator
__lt__ for the < operator
__le__ for the <= operator
__gt__ for the > operator
__ge__ for the >= operator
These special methods are also known as dunder methods (short for "double underscore"). By defining these special methods in your classes, you can customize the behavior of the corresponding operators when they are used with objects of your class.
Work Step by Step
Here's an example of how you might use the __add__ method to overload the + operator for a custom class:
class Vector:
$\hspace{4mm}$def __init__(self, x, y):
$\hspace{8mm}$self.x = x
$\hspace{8mm}$self.y = y
$\hspace{4mm}$def __add__(self, other):
$\hspace{8mm}$return Vector(self.x + other.x, self.y + other.y)
v1 = Vector(1, 2)
v2 = Vector(3, 4)
v3 = v1 + v2
print(v3.x, v3.y) # Output: 4 6
