Cultural Violence
The novel showcases how violence is normalized in certain avenues in society from school grounds to the rough city. The tough dynamic in the school highlights how bullying goes unchecked as students such as Alex are terrorized by bullies. Bullying is highlighted as a form of violence that is normalized and even glorified in institutions where children are supposed to feel safe. The city acts as a symbol of the cultural violence that is rampant in the world in general. As Alex navigates this environ that he is unfamiliar with unlike ‘The Jockey’ he gets acquainted with this lewdness.
Virtues and Vices
The story juxtaposes the characters through their grasp on morality as some are virtuous and others succumb to vices. ‘The Jockey’ represents the budding violence that is observed in the community as he has already spent some time in a detention center. Therefore showcases the recurring nature of his violence and immoral behavior that even morphs into psychological manipulation. Marta is on the other end of the spectrum as she is religious and exhibits virtues that Alex ought to adopt. Alex is gradually becoming corrupt by the vices of his ‘friend’ and the city and only Marta as a true friend helps out. Thus, the story illustrates the thin line that the characters cross between good virtues and vices.
Toxic Friendship
The novel demonstrates the tendency of individuals to gravitate towards immoral or violent people. Moreover the inclination to be associated with them as a sort of social hierarchy. Accordingly, Alex falls for the emotional manipulation that The Jockey uses to extend his ‘friendship’ to him. The Jockey manipulates Alex to accompany him into the city where he knows he will have ample opportunity to intimidate him. Therefore the toxic element of such relationships is seen in how Alex’s trust is misplaced as Jockey exploits his gullibility.
