Irony of the mariposa
Mariposa is a derogative term used in Mexico as a label for gay men. Ironically, Rigoberto shows that this term is actually flattering, and is a beautiful and admirable symbol of resilience.
Irony of advice
Rigoberto states that when he was younger he had written a number of personal essays, but was told by an older friend that he was too young to write a memoir. However, Rigoberto points to the example of Anne Frank, who is an example of a young memoir writer.
Irony of culture
Although the LGBTQ+ community has been marginalized in Mexico, Rigoberto finds a way to include them in Mexican cultural tradition. He does this by connecting the symbol of retablos to the LGBTQ+ experience.
