Genius
A concept of genius is an interesting theme for both of the characters. One has a genius relative, who is a great composer, but a rather bad relative, while other believes that it doesn’t matter as long as a genius continues to create. Mr. Philosopher believes that no one can expect a genius to be a good person, while Rameau states he would prefer nature to make them both gifted and thoughtful.
Education
Is education important or not? Should one let one's own children enjoy their youth and carelessness instead of making them spend hours behind piles of sophisticated books? This question is also unanswerable for Mr. Philosopher and Rameau have completely different opinions. The only one matter in which they see eye to eye is that there are many unworthy teachers who bring more harm than good.
Money
According to Rameau, influence of money on life could hardly be overrated, for he is able to see the difference between his life of a beggar and a luxurious life of the rich. At the same very time, he doesn’t value money to much to forget about other pleasures. For him, there is a direct connection between pleasures of all sorts and availability of money.
A meaning of life
Every person, naturally, looks for a meaning of his or her life. Mr. Philosopher muses over various ideas and believes that everyone should have a place in the society and obligations. Rameau doesn’t agree with it. On the contrary, he believes that living out a lifestyle for the sake of life itself is vanity.