Seasteading as the "Next Frontier"
The characters view the ocean as the "next frontier" for colonization with plans to build floating autonomous cities. This is ironic because the ocean is portrayed as a territory that humans seek to dominate and control. Despite our long-standing failure to manage land-based ecosystems sustainably, humanity's ambition to conquer the seas is portrayed as a flawed continuation of the same destructive mindset. The irony lies in the belief that technology will provide a solution to the problems caused by human exploitation of natural resources. In that, the ocean is already suffering from pollution, overfishing, and climate change. The very ambition that drives the characters' desire to build these floating cities highlights a fundamental misunderstanding of their destructive tendencies.
The Preservation of Makatea’s Heritage
The Polynesian island that once provided phosphorus for global agriculture is steeped in history and the scars of colonial exploitation. Now, its residents face the decision of whether to allow a futuristic colonization project to take root. The irony is that the island's exploitation continues under the guise of innovation and progress. Despite the lessons from its painful colonial past, Makatea is once again being asked to sacrifice its natural and cultural heritage for a global cause. This irony underscores the cyclical nature of exploitation. Powers presents a scenario where history repeats itself. The residents of Makatea have seen their resources depleted in the past and are now at risk of losing control over their future.
Rafi and Todd’s Friendship and Rivalry
Rafi and Todd begin as friends bonded over a 3,000-year-old board game yet their relationship evolves into a bitter rivalry. Todd spirals into isolation while Rafi thrives through literature. The irony is that a game rooted in ancient human traditions becomes a symbol of their growing division. What was once a shared intellectual pursuit turns into a competitive battle over ideas and identity. Their rivalry also mirrors the tension between innovation and tradition. Todd pushes the boundaries of technology while Rafi seeks wisdom and solace in the past. Powers uses this contrast to explore how modern pursuits can alienate individuals from each other and their humanity.
