Open City Literary Elements

Open City Literary Elements

Genre

Literary Fiction

Setting and Context

Set primarily in Manhattan, New York City. The setting partially shifts to Nigeria and Brussels.

Narrator and Point of View

First-person point of view through the perspective of Julius.

Tone and Mood

Nostalgic, Sentimental, Melancholic

Protagonist and Antagonist

Protagonist: Julius Antagonist: The repressed memories, unhappy moments, and disillusionments.

Major Conflict

Julius has to contend with his repressed memories while reconciling his current life with the burdens from the past.

Climax

The novel reaches its climax with Julius’ narration of the confrontation with Moji where she accused him of rape in the past.

Foreshadowing

‘It is especially elusive because the source of our information about the mind is itself the mind, and the mind is able to deceive itself.’

This foreshadows the instances that Julius retrieves his repressed memories about the past by adopting a new perspective.

Understatement

“I asked him if they still got away on the weekends. “Oh yes, every weekend, but it’s just me now, Julius. Carla died in June,” he said. She had a heart attack.”

Allusions

The novel makes allusions to the landscape and culture of New York City including the architecture, infrastructure, urban scene, lifestyle, and the people.

Imagery

“Banners, signs, posters, flags, and streamers of all kinds flapped in the wind, and mounted police on blindered horses regulated the crowd with cordons, whistles, and hand movements. The cops were in dark blue and wore sunshades. The crowd was brightly attired, and looking at all that green, red, yellow, and white synthetic material in the sun hurt the eyes.”

Paradox

N/A

Parallelism

N/A

Metonymy and Synecdoche

“I looked outside the window, and in my mind’s eye” – Mind’s eye is a metonymy for imagination or mental picture.

Personification

“The engine emitted a low grumble, and the boat pitched back a little and trembled, as though it were inhaling air in readiness for a dive.”

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