Genre
Poem
Setting and Context
The setting of the poem is during the time of Thomas Hoccleve. The persona was ill and advanced in age.
Narrator and Point of View
The persona is a sickly man who is melancholy. The persona regrets his bad decisions in his youth that led to his illness and poverty.
Tone and Mood
The tone is regretful and nostalgic for the time when the persona was a youth, healthy and wealthy. The mood is melancholy.
Protagonist and Antagonist
The protagonist in the poem is not clear. The antagonist is ill health.
Major Conflict
The major conflict in the poem is the persona’s ill health that has made him melancholy.
Climax
There is no climax in the poem
Foreshadowing
N/A
Understatement
The persona says regarding his bad decisions, That I ever immersed myself in such foolishness.’ Foolishness is an understatement for his bad decisions that are excessive consumption and extravagance that led to his ruin.
Allusions
Literary allusion. The persona alludes to Ulysses. The persona says , When Ulysses sailed back and forth
Past mermaids, this was his strategy:
The ears of all the men in his company
He had blocked with wax, so that they
Should not hear their song, in case their harmony
Might have bring them to such deadly sleep,'
Imagery
The description of the young girls in the tavern that the persona frequented. They are described as , ‘‘I dare not admit how the lively company
Of Venus’s pleasing dear young girls,
Who were so nice and shapely and pretty
And so charming in behavior and manner,
And who could feed all a world with a smile,
And were very nicely decked out in their clothes.’
Paradox
It is paradoxical for a lord to fire a truthful servant that has been put in charge of his (the lord’s) estate.
Parallelism
The persona draws a parallel between the person who has good health and one who is ill. The healthy person is joyful and full of life whereas the ill person is distressed and bitter.
Metonymy and Synecdoche
N/A
Personification
The persona personifies good health. He does so by pleading with good health to return to him.