Irony and violence
This novel depicts violence as an inherently ironic thing. The story seems to imply that although Quasar is obviously a disturbed and violent person motivated by chaos and vengeance, he is still operating in a similar way to other characters in the plot. Ironically, his experience of violence is oddly convincing to him, as if he were evil by design.
Catastrophe and humanity
Although the novel considers many apocalyptic ideas, like AI taking over the world, or like a comet causing a worldwide extinction, the only actual catastrophe in the story is the terrorism that humans use against one another. The humans are the source of the real suffering in the plot.
The spiritual irony
When the grandma dies in the Holy Mountains, the family's story is interspersed with a spirit of mischief who bothers them and adds strife to their dilemma. This is dramatic irony, because the revelation of spiritual involvement applies to the metaphysics of the entire novel, so that the story adds dramatic tension to the other stories. Perhaps nefarious spiritual activity is involved in all the narrative.
The author's control
The novel is designed to raise questions that could be answered by considering the authorial intent of the stories. Some of the stories seem specifically designed to evoke mystery, as if the stories are riddles. The answer to these riddles can be seen as the authorial sovereignty of the writer to do what they want. The characters see it as spiritual, but it is secretly authorial, and the reader knows this through dramatic irony.
The apocalypse
Although much of the story is fictitious, much of it is not. Ironically, the most potent threats of the novel are also present in everyday life. The threat of cosmic destruction by a flying comet is a real threat that is always present. The doomsday cult can be seen as crazy people, but then again, they see specific (and wrong) iterations of a general truth. Doom is certainly the fate of all humans on earth, so ironically the fictitious novel is shaped to point out something true.
