City of Refuge Literary Elements

City of Refuge Literary Elements

Genre

Short fiction

Setting and Context

The story was written in 1991 in Harlem.

Narrator and Point of View

Third-person narrative

Tone and Mood

The tone is ardent, and the mood is tense.

Protagonist and Antagonist

King Solomon Gills is the central character.

Major Conflict

King Solomon Gills is on the run after shooting a white man in North Carolina and he is running for safety to Harlem. He was almost lynched by angry people who were thirsting for his blood.

Climax

The climax comes when Solomon gets a job at the Grocery in Harlem, where he earns something to keep him going.

Foreshadowing

Tony's predicaments were foreshadowed by hiring Solomon, who put his business at the risk of collapsing.

Understatement

Gills' character in Tony's shop was underrated. Gills presented himself as hardworking, honest and determined to boost sales, but he was secretly selling the pills given to him by Mouse. Consequently, the cops knew, and they came to threaten Tony to reveal what was exactly happening at his shop.

Allusions

The story alludes to the racism that pushes blacks to engage in crime and illegal business to earn a living.

Imagery

The imagery of Harlem paints a picture of a sanctuary for the blacks. When Gills arrive in Harlem, he is surprised to see black police officers who command the white people to obey the law. Similarly, Harlem is described as a place where many blacks and their rights are not violated.

Paradox

The main paradox is that Harlem is not heaven, as Gills earlier thought. For instance, he had to engage in the illegal trade of white French pills that later put him in trouble.

Parallelism

There is parallelism between life in Harlem and other states because the city has most black people.

Metonymy and Synecdoche

N/A

Personification

Harlem is incarnated as friendly and welcoming.

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